{"id":7223,"date":"2026-11-11T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-11-11T08:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lexgoapp.com\/blog\/?p=7223"},"modified":"2026-10-28T12:49:09","modified_gmt":"2026-10-28T11:49:09","slug":"me-han-despedido-que-hacer-en-los-primeros-20-dias","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lexgoapp.com\/blog\/me-han-despedido-que-hacer-en-los-primeros-20-dias\/","title":{"rendered":"Me han despedido: qu\u00e9 hacer en los primeros 20 d\u00edas"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Un despido te deja con muchas preguntas y muy poco tiempo para resolverlas. La m\u00e1s importante: tienes solo <strong>20 d\u00edas h\u00e1biles<\/strong> para reclamar. Si se pasan, el despido queda firme aunque fuera injusto. Esto es lo que debes hacer, en orden.<\/p>\n<h2>1. Lee bien la carta de despido<\/h2>\n<p>El despido disciplinario debe comunicarse por escrito, con los hechos que lo motivan y la fecha de efectos (art\u00edculo 55 del <a href=\"https:\/\/www.boe.es\/buscar\/act.php?id=BOE-A-2015-11430\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Estatuto de los Trabajadores<\/a>). En el despido objetivo, por causas econ\u00f3micas, t\u00e9cnicas, organizativas o de producci\u00f3n, la empresa adem\u00e1s debe poner a tu disposici\u00f3n una indemnizaci\u00f3n de <strong>20 d\u00edas por a\u00f1o trabajado<\/strong> (con un m\u00e1ximo de 12 mensualidades) y darte un preaviso de 15 d\u00edas (art\u00edculo 53).<\/p>\n<h2>2. Firma como \u00abno conforme\u00bb<\/h2>\n<p>Firmar la carta solo acredita que la has recibido. Aun as\u00ed, escribe \u00ab<strong>no conforme<\/strong>\u00bb junto a tu firma, tambi\u00e9n en el finiquito. Revisa que el finiquito incluya los d\u00edas trabajados del mes, las vacaciones no disfrutadas y la parte proporcional de las pagas extra.<\/p>\n<h2>3. Cuenta el plazo: 20 d\u00edas h\u00e1biles<\/h2>\n<p>El plazo para impugnar el despido es de <strong>caducidad<\/strong>: no se interrumpe, solo se suspende con la papeleta de conciliaci\u00f3n (art\u00edculo 59.3 del Estatuto y art\u00edculo 103 de la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.boe.es\/buscar\/act.php?id=BOE-A-2011-15936\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ley reguladora de la jurisdicci\u00f3n social<\/a>). No cuentan s\u00e1bados, domingos ni festivos, pero <strong>agosto s\u00ed cuenta<\/strong> para los despidos.<\/p>\n<h2>4. Presenta la papeleta de conciliaci\u00f3n<\/h2>\n<p>Antes de demandar hay que intentar un acuerdo ante el servicio de mediaci\u00f3n y conciliaci\u00f3n de tu comunidad aut\u00f3noma. Muchas empresas reconocen all\u00ed la improcedencia y pagan la indemnizaci\u00f3n, sin llegar a juicio. Si no hay acuerdo, se presenta la demanda en el juzgado de lo social.<\/p>\n<h2>Qu\u00e9 puede decidir el juez<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Procedente<\/strong>: la empresa ten\u00eda raz\u00f3n. En el disciplinario no hay indemnizaci\u00f3n.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Improcedente<\/strong>: la empresa elige entre readmitirte o pagarte <strong>33 d\u00edas de salario por a\u00f1o trabajado<\/strong>, con un m\u00e1ximo de 24 mensualidades (art\u00edculo 56 del Estatuto). Si tu contrato empez\u00f3 antes del 12 de febrero de 2012, el tiempo anterior a esa fecha se calcula a 45 d\u00edas por a\u00f1o.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nulo<\/strong>: si el despido vulnera derechos fundamentales o se produce, por ejemplo, durante el embarazo o una reducci\u00f3n de jornada por cuidado de hijos. La empresa debe readmitirte y pagarte los salarios que dejaste de cobrar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>5. Pide el paro sin esperar<\/h2>\n<p>Reclamar el despido no impide cobrar el desempleo. Tienes <strong>15 d\u00edas h\u00e1biles<\/strong> para inscribirte como demandante de empleo y solicitar la prestaci\u00f3n en el <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sepe.es\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SEPE<\/a>. Si lo pides tarde, pierdes d\u00edas de prestaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<h2>Errores frecuentes<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Dejar pasar el plazo mientras \u00abse negocia\u00bb con la empresa.<\/li>\n<li>Firmar un documento de baja voluntaria: sin despido no hay indemnizaci\u00f3n ni, en general, paro.<\/li>\n<li>No guardar pruebas: correos, mensajes, n\u00f3minas, registros de jornada. Te contamos m\u00e1s en <a href=\"https:\/\/lexgoapp.com\/blog\/como-disfrutar-de-tus-vacaciones-anuales-sin-tener-que-pleitear-con-tu-empresa-en-los-tribunales\/\">c\u00f3mo hacer valer tus derechos sin pleitear<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Preguntas frecuentes<\/h2>\n<h3>\u00bfPuedo reclamar si ya firm\u00e9 el finiquito?<\/h3>\n<p>En muchos casos s\u00ed. Firmar el finiquito acredita que lo has recibido, pero no impide impugnar el despido. Escribir \u00abno conforme\u00bb deja todav\u00eda m\u00e1s claro que no est\u00e1s de acuerdo.<\/p>\n<h3>\u00bfMe pueden despedir estando de baja?<\/h3>\n<p>Estar de baja no impide el despido, pero si la causa real es la enfermedad, el despido puede declararse nulo por discriminaci\u00f3n. Guarda los partes y las comunicaciones con la empresa.<\/p>\n<h2>Habla con un abogado laboralista<\/h2>\n<p>En la jurisdicci\u00f3n social, los trabajadores tienen derecho a <a href=\"https:\/\/lexgoapp.com\/blog\/justicia-gratuita-quien-tiene-derecho-a-abogado-de-oficio\/\">justicia gratuita<\/a> para defenderse en juicio, sin importar sus ingresos. Si prefieres un abogado de confianza, en LexGoApp te ponemos en contacto con hasta tres <a href=\"https:\/\/lexgoapp.com\/abogados-laboral\">abogados laboralistas<\/a>. Puedes consultar tambi\u00e9n la informaci\u00f3n del <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mites.gob.es\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ministerio de Trabajo<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3>Fuentes<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.boe.es\/buscar\/act.php?id=BOE-A-2015-11430\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Estatuto de los Trabajadores<\/a>, art\u00edculos 49 a 56 y 59 (BOE).<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.boe.es\/buscar\/act.php?id=BOE-A-2011-15936\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ley 36\/2011, reguladora de la jurisdicci\u00f3n social<\/a>, art\u00edculos 63 a 68 y 103 a 113 (BOE).<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sepe.es\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Servicio P\u00fablico de Empleo Estatal<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><em>Foto: Crew, v\u00eda <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Desks_in_an_open_office_space_(Unsplash).jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wikimedia Commons<\/a>, licencia <a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/zero\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CC0<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Qu\u00e9 hacer si te despiden: el plazo de 20 d\u00edas h\u00e1biles para reclamar, la conciliaci\u00f3n, qu\u00e9 indemnizaci\u00f3n corresponde y c\u00f3mo pedir el paro.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":7222,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_yoast_wpseo_linkdex":"79","_yoast_wpseo_content_score":"90","footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7223","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-laboral"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Me han despedido: qu\u00e9 hacer en los primeros 20 d\u00edas<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" 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